If eczema runs in your family, you’re not imagining things—your genes have a lot to say about your skin. Many people with eczema also have relatives who suffer from it, or from related conditions like asthma or hay fever. This article explores how eczema is inherited, what genes are involved, and what that means for prevention and treatment.
Atopic dermatitis isn’t just ‘dry skin’—it’s a chronic inflammatory skin condition often linked to genetics. The word “atopic” refers to a hereditary tendency to develop allergic conditions such as eczema, asthma, and hay fever (also known as allergic rhinitis).
In this article
Is Eczema Genetic? A Quick Overview
Yes—genetics play a major role in both whether you get eczema and how severe it is. But it’s not just about DNA. Environmental factors and immune system behavior also influence how eczema develops and progresses.
Atopic dermatitis, the most common chronic form of eczema, arises from a complex interaction between:
- Genetic susceptibility
- Immune system dysregulation
- Skin barrier dysfunction
- Environmental triggers
The “Atopic March” and Family History
The term “atopic” highlights a genetic tendency toward developing allergic conditions. This is part of what’s known as the “atopic march”—a progression of related conditions that often begin in early childhood. These can include:
- Eczema
- Asthma
- Hay fever
Eczema often runs in families, especially when asthma or hay fever is also present. If one or both parents have atopic conditions, there’s a significantly higher chance their children will develop eczema.
Key Genes Linked to Eczema
Genetic research has uncovered specific mutations associated with eczema risk. Most notably, loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG) are strongly linked to eczema.
Filaggrin is a protein essential for maintaining skin barrier function. When this gene is faulty:
- The skin barrier weakens
- Moisture escapes more easily
- Irritants and allergens penetrate more deeply
In addition to FLG, many other genes influence eczema risk by affecting both skin barrier structure and immune responses.
Why a Weak Skin Barrier Matters
A compromised skin barrier is a hallmark of atopic dermatitis—and genetics play a major role in that weakness. When the skin barrier is impaired, you may experience:
- Increased transepidermal water loss
- Reduced natural moisturizing factors
- Altered skin pH
- Greater vulnerability to irritants and microbes
This barrier dysfunction doesn’t just cause eczema—it also feeds into the cycle of inflammation that keeps it going.
Genetics vs. Environment: It’s Not Either/Or
Even with a genetic predisposition, environmental triggers are often what set eczema in motion. These can include:
- Irritants (like soaps and detergents)
- Allergens (like pollen, pet dander, or certain foods)
- Microbes (especially Staphylococcus aureus)
- Weather changes
- Stress
It’s the combination of genes and environment that ultimately shapes your eczema experience.
Can You Prevent Eczema If It Runs in the Family?
While you can’t change your DNA, understanding your genetic risk empowers you to act early. Strategies include:
- Supporting your skin barrier with gentle skincare and moisturizers
- Identifying and managing personal triggers
- Talking to a healthcare provider about preventive options
Takeaway: Eczema Is in Your DNA—But You’re Not Powerless
Having a family history of eczema doesn’t mean flare-ups are inevitable. By learning your risk and taking steps to protect your skin, you can reduce the frequency and severity of symptoms—even if eczema runs in the family.
Want to know how to recognize the first signs of eczema?
Check out our guide: ‘Recognizing the Symptoms of Eczema’
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