Most Common Medications Prescribed for Dermatitis

If you’re living with eczema, you know the frustrating cycle all too well: the relentless itch, the red, inflamed skin, and the constant search for relief. While good skincare habits like regular moisturizing are crucial, many people find that medications are a necessary part of managing their dermatitis and keeping those bothersome flare-ups under control.

But with a range of creams, pills, and even injections available, it’s natural to wonder which treatments are most frequently recommended by doctors.

This article will walk you through the most common types of medications prescribed for dermatitis (eczema). We’ll break down how they work to soothe your skin and help you better understand the options you might encounter on your journey to clearer, more comfortable skin.

Keep in mind that the specific medication your doctor recommends will depend on the type and severity of your eczema, as well as your individual health needs. If you’re just starting to explore eczema, you might also find it helpful to read [What Is Eczema? (And What It Isn’t)] and [Our Guide to the Different Types of Dermatitis] for a broader understanding.

Topical Corticosteroids: The Inflammation Tamers

When your eczema flares up, inflammation is a key culprit behind the redness, swelling, and intense itching. Topical corticosteroids (also known as topical steroids) are often the first-line prescription treatment to directly target this inflammation.

These medications come in various strengths, ranging from mild to very potent. Your doctor will prescribe a strength appropriate for the location and severity of your eczema. For instance:

• Milder corticosteroids might be used on the face or in sensitive skin folds.
• Stronger corticosteroids could be recommended for thicker, more persistent patches of eczema on the arms or legs.

Side Note:
Topical corticosteroids work by reducing the activity of inflammatory cells in the skin. They essentially dampen the immune response in the affected area, leading to decreased redness, swelling, and itching.

It’s important to use topical corticosteroids exactly as directed. While they are generally safe when used correctly for limited periods, long-term or improper use can lead to side effects like:

• Skin thinning
• Changes in skin color
• Topical steroid withdrawal reactions

Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors: Steroid-Free Relief

For eczema in sensitive areas like the face, neck, and skin folds, or for those who need long-term management without prolonged steroid use, topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) are a common option.

Medications like tacrolimus and crisaborole work to reduce inflammation through a different pathway than corticosteroids. They specifically target immune system cells that contribute to eczema symptoms.

Side Note:
Calcineurin is a protein involved in activating T cells in the immune system. Topical calcineurin inhibitors block calcineurin’s action, reducing inflammation and itching.

Benefits of TCIs include:

• Useful for both short-term treatment and long-term maintenance.
• No risk of skin thinning like with long-term steroid use.

Some people may experience temporary burning or itching when starting these medications. Always discuss any concerns with your doctor.

Topical Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitors: A Newer Approach

A newer treatment option is topical JAK inhibitors, which work by blocking specific enzymes (JAKs) involved in the inflammatory processes behind eczema.

By inhibiting these enzymes, JAK inhibitors can help reduce itching, redness, and swelling associated with atopic dermatitis. They can be prescribed for both adults and children with eczema.

Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) Inhibitors: Targeting Inflammation

PDE4 inhibitors, such as crisaborole, are another non-steroidal option for treating eczema.

They work by blocking the PDE4 enzyme, which plays a role in driving inflammation. Reducing this activity helps ease inflammation and itching, making PDE4 inhibitors a good choice for mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in both children and adults.

Oral Medications: For More Widespread or Severe Eczema

When topical treatments aren’t enough, doctors might prescribe oral medications to address more widespread or severe eczema. These treatments work systemically (throughout the body).

Oral Corticosteroids

Short courses of oral corticosteroids like prednisone may be prescribed for severe flare-ups.
They offer rapid relief but are generally reserved for short-term use due to the risk of systemic side effects.

Antihistamines

Although they don’t treat the underlying inflammation, oral antihistamines help manage intense itching.
They work by blocking histamine, a chemical involved in allergic reactions.

• Sedating antihistamines can be helpful for nighttime itching.
• Non-sedating options are available for daytime relief.

Immunosuppressants

For individuals with severe atopic dermatitis who haven’t responded to other treatments, oral immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine, azathioprine, or methotrexate may be considered.
These medications suppress the overactive immune system, but because of potential side effects, they require careful monitoring by a dermatologist.

Biologics: Targeted Therapy for Severe Atopic Dermatitis

Biologic medications offer a highly targeted approach for treating moderate to severe atopic dermatitis.

Injectable biologics like dupilumab are designed to block specific proteins in the immune system responsible for the inflammation in eczema.

Side Note:
Biologics are complex proteins manufactured using biotechnology. Dupilumab, for example, targets IL-4 and IL-13 cytokines, both major players in the type 2 inflammation seen in atopic dermatitis.

Biologics are generally well-tolerated and can lead to significant improvements in skin clarity and reduced itching. Like any medication, they can have side effects, so your doctor will discuss risks and benefits with you.

Takeaway: Understanding Your Eczema Medication Options

Managing eczema effectively often requires a multi-faceted approach, and for many, medications are a vital part of that strategy.

Whether it’s a topical cream to soothe local inflammation or a systemic treatment to tackle more widespread symptoms, today’s available medications offer real hope for controlling eczema and improving quality of life.

It’s crucial to have open communication with your doctor about your symptoms and goals. Together, you can develop a personalized treatment plan that uses the best available options for keeping your skin healthy and comfortable.

Looking for more ways to manage eczema?
Be sure to check out [Natural Remedies and Alternative Therapies for Eczema: What Works and What Doesn’t] for additional strategies to support your skincare journey.

You might also be interested in [Can Stress Trigger Eczema? (And How to Break the Cycle)] if you’re wondering how emotional factors could be impacting your skin.